Aging changes of the olfactory bulb of albino rats

The olfactory bulb plays a central role in relaying olfactory information from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory cortex. Olfactory loss is a common age-related complaint that may be caused by changes in the anatomy of the structures required which are required for olfaction [for example, change in the olfactory bulb]. The aim of the work is to study the structural changes which occur during aging in the olfactory bulb of albino rats. Twenty albino rats were used. The animals were subdivided into two age groups: adult and aged [24 months]. The animals were anaesthetized, perfused with appropriate fixative solution, then the animals were killed and brains were extracted and specimens of olfactory bulbs were dissected. For each group, some specimens were fixed in Bouin's fluid and after routine histological technique were embedded in paraffin. Other specimens were sectioned and stained with Einarson's Gallocyanine solution to study the cellular histology and morphology of the olfactory bulb. Other specimens were fixed in Golgi-Cox solution and embedded in cellodin and dendritic organization of the neurons of the olfactory bulb was examined. Also other specimens were fixed in 5% buffered glutaldehyde and electron microscopic technique was made, semi thin and ultra thin sections were obtained and examined to show the ultra structure of the neurons of olfactory bulb. The results revealed that aging induced reduction in the thickness of the layers of olfactory bulb, decreased neuronal density of the mitral cells with decreased dendritic arborization of the neurons. Also elecrtomicroscopic feature of the aged olfactory bulb revealed evidence of nuclear damage, perinuclear vacuolation, dilated Golgi and cisternia of rough endoplasmic reticulum with destructed mitochondria

Foot measurements and their relation to body weight and height for Assiuti children

In this study, foot length, foot width, stature and body weight of 3000 individuals [1500 males and 1500 females] aged 04-18 years old were taken from different schools of Assiut. Standard growth charts for foot length, foot width, stature and body weight were recorded. The results showed that foot length and foot width measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The growth spurts and the maturation of the foot length and the foot width of the females succeeded the males. A highly significant positive correlation between each of the stature and the body weight with each of the foot length and the foot width in both sexes was recorded. The correlation between the stature and the foot length was higher than that between the stature and foot width. Also, the correlation between the body weight and the foot width was better than that between the body weight and foot length. A highly significant positive correlation was found between foot length and the foot width in both sexes. Multiplication factors of the different studies variables were calculated for both sexes at different ages to estimate the stature and the body weight by multiplying the foot length or foot width by its suitable multiplication factor. Simple linear regression analysis was also done for all variables at all cases and four general regression formulae were introduced for estimation of stature and body weight of any individual from foot length and the foot width